Improvement in machines for making axes



UNITED STATES l' PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN F. HURD, OF JOHNSONVILLE, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR MAKING AXES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 57.142, dated August 14, 1866.

To all whom it vmay concern:

Be it known that l, EDWIN F. HURD, of J ohnsonville, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement on Machines for the Manufacture of Axes; and l do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and marks thereon, said 'drawings forming part of this specication, and, by-

Figure 1 of Sheet 1 and Fig. l of Sheet 2, showing perspective views of a machine of which my improvement forms a part thereof.

I In both of these gures and sheets, where like parts are shown like Inarks and letters are used to indicate the parts.

These drawings show this machine to be made up of a series of dies, part of which are flXed, and commonly termed bed-dies,77 and another part movable'and usually called dropdies,7 so arranged in relation to each other as to be conveniently used in the process of forg- Vin g out the blanks, step by step, into form, and .so attached and aflixed to the beds or holdingblocks that they may be detached readily for any desired purpose. A part of these dies have certain features of construction and of special use which will be alluded to as this description progresses.

The machine has the top, a, and bottom, b, plate, with the upright side pieces, c, and the tie-rods d, common to machines of this class, with the'guide blocks or plates e for the movable die-block. The main shaft f, to be driven by any suitable power by band around wheel g, or by crank h, has its bearings 'i in the uprights c.

A pinion, j, on shaft f gears into toothed wheel 7c on the secondary shaft Z, and by the eccentrics in m, working in sliding plates n u, gives to the movable die-block the necessary upward and downward motions for pressing down and drawing up the dies. The shaft l also gives motion to a crank-disk, o, having a pitman, p, and tool q, for operating upon the interior surface of the eye or helve-hole of the ax, finishing and truing to a degree unusual in machine-made axes. It will be noticed that the pin p of the crank-diskvo is at an opposite point on the shaft l to the extreme diameter of the eccentrics m, so that when the movable dies are going down the tool q will be coming up, and thus the power of the machine will be given to the tool and the dies alternately. The connection between the main shaft f and the secondary shaft l is made by the ordinary pinlutch r, moved by the forked lever s and footar t.

The operations of this machine toward the making of axes commence after theblank for the body and head of the ax has been so far formed by another or some other machine as will have put the blank into the proper condition for the attaching of the steel blank to form the cutting-face and the forging of the blanks into the perfectly formed and iinished ax.

At the right hand of the machine, as shown by Sheet l of the drawings, are cutters u u, suitably attached to the block and bed, for

'giving that shape to the blank for the steel face which is indicated by Fig. 2 of Sheet 2, the bar out of which such blank is to be formed having been rolled out to the desired breadth and thickness. An adjustable compound guide and gage, c, operates to place the bar in the proper position for having the end cut at the inclination required, the gage o having been adjusted as needed, as it will readily he seen that it can be, the one bar, w, having vertical adjustment on the standard x, and the other bar, y, having horizontal adjustment on the bar w. Bar w, having both vertical and horizontal adjustment, allows quite a range of presentation of the face z of bar y. Another guide and gage is also attached to the machine, as shown at z', which may be used as a support or guide to the bar, as may be required.

The blank being formed, as indicated by Fig. 2, is placed on end between the dies y', by the operation of which it is brought to the condition and shape shown by Fig. 3. It is then laid on its side on block x', to be operated upon by dies w', under which it is forged to the form and condition shown by Fig. 4. A movable gage, fu', is used in connection with the dies w', so arranged and operated that it will be moved away and off from the lower die as the die-block is moved downward, thus allowing the necessary action of the dies that is required to give shape to the welding-edge of the blank, as indicated by Fig. 4. This gage QJ is affixed to and forms part of a vertical bar, u, that is pivoted at t to the standard s', the vertical bar u having a sideeXtension, r. A pin, q', on the die-block, as that block comes down, acts upon the extension r', moving the gage c oft' from the die. As the die-block moves upward a sprin g, p', acts upon the bar u and again places the gage 'u' over the die.

- rIhe steel blank for the cutting'face of the aX, having been thus prepared, is placed Within the recessor lips of the'body-blank as usually manipulated, and welded therein, when, the mandrel or former for the eye or belve-hole being fitted properly, the blank, as thus made up, is subjected to the action of the other dies, o n', and the several faces of m', under which it is brought to the perfected condition. It

will be noticed that the die n is beveled on its under surface, has below it a Wedge, l', adjusted by the lever k', so that the die may be raised to adapt'it to the lessenin g of the thickness of the blank under the forging process. Other dies, j and fi', are afliXed to a bed, h', and the end of tilt-hammer g', for further action on the blanks head, the recesses in the die j being for the resting therein of the edge or cutting end of the ax.

The eye or belve-hole of the blankor ax is finished and trued by the action of the tool g, the operation of which will be clearly and fully understood by what has heretofore been stated and by inspection of the drawings.

The tilt-hammer will be upon the same bed or platform as the machine, and so arranged that it maybe operated by in dependent means, or by means actuated by the same power that gives motion to the machine.

What I claim as my invention, and as an improvement in machines for making axes, is-

1. The adjustable compound guide and gage c, constructed and operated substantially as described.

2. The movable gage c', used in connection with the dies w', constructed and operated substantially as herein recited.

3. The arrangement on the same bed or platform of the tilt-hammer with dies and the machine herein set forth.

In testimony'whereof I have on this 20th day of January, 1866, hereunto set my hand.

EDWIN F. HURD.

Witnesses:

CHARLES D. KELLUM, R. W. REILLE. 

